Nanozyme Development to Combat Abnormal Blood Clotting

 

Scientists at the Indian Institute of Science have developed a breakthrough metal-based nanozyme to combat dangerous blood clotting disorders, including pulmonary thromboembolism. This research addresses the growing concern over thrombosis-related health complications.

Understanding Normal Blood Clotting Blood clotting, or haemostasis, is an essential body function involving platelets that activate and aggregate when blood vessels are damaged. This natural process is controlled through complex protein interactions initiated by signalling molecules like collagen and thrombin.

When Clotting Goes Wrong Diseases such as pulmonary thromboembolism and COVID-19 can disrupt normal clotting regulation, creating harmful oxidative stress and elevated levels of damaging Reactive Oxygen Species. This dysfunction causes platelets to become hyperactive, leading to dangerous excessive clot formation and thrombosis risk.

Nanozyme Solution The IISc team created synthetic nanozymes that replicate the function of natural antioxidant enzymes. These engineered particles neutralize harmful ROS, maintaining balanced levels and preventing platelet overactivation. The researchers produced various nanomaterials using precise chemical synthesis methods, carefully controlling their structural properties.

Vanadium Pentoxide Success Testing revealed that spherical vanadium pentoxide nanozymes demonstrated superior performance. These particles effectively mimic glutathione peroxidase, a naturally occurring antioxidant enzyme, reducing oxidative damage. Vanadium's distinctive chemical properties enable crucial redox reactions that diminish ROS concentrations.

Promising Test Results Laboratory studies using a mouse model of pulmonary thromboembolism showed encouraging outcomes. Treated animals experienced decreased clot formation and enhanced survival rates. Five-day monitoring revealed no adverse effects from the nanozyme treatment.

Looking Ahead Researchers are exploring applications for preventing ischemic strokes, another condition caused by blocked blood vessels. Based on successful human platelet experiments, the team anticipates advancing to human clinical trials in the future.